1 Samuel 31:1–13:2 Samuel 5:4–5; Finkelstein, Silberman, op.cit. Of the 58 synagogues in the Old City, half were either razed or converted to stables and hen-houses over the course of the next 19 years, including the Hurva and the Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue. [199], In the 1860s, new neighborhoods began to develop outside the Old City walls to house pilgrims and relieve the intense overcrowding and poor sanitation inside the city. A budget of 4.6 billion shekels was allocated for this project. While the ACRI attributes the increase to the lack of employment opportunities, infrastructure and a worsening educational system, Ir Amim blames the legal status of Palestinians in Jerusalem. 37% of the population is Palestinian, but only 10% of tax revenues are allocated for them. [269] However, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in 2014 that "Jerusalem will never be divided". The Christians and Jews of Jerusalem were subjected to attacks. [133] Construction of the Second Temple was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of Darius the Great, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple.[134][135]. [178], In 1099, the Fatimid ruler expelled the native Christian population before Jerusalem was besieged by the soldiers of the First Crusade. The museum has a large outdoor sculpture garden and a scale-model of the Second Temple. [note 5] Modern scholars argue that Jews branched out of the Canaanite peoples and culture through the development of a distinct monolatrous – and later monotheistic – religion centered on El/Yahweh,[24][25][26] These foundational events, straddling the dawn of the 1st millennium BCE, assumed central symbolic importance for the Jewish people. [333], In 2005, 2,850 new immigrants settled in Jerusalem, mostly from the United States, France and the former Soviet Union. Jerusalem Tourism: Tripadvisor has 293,074 reviews of Jerusalem Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Jerusalem resource. Jerusalem, ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel. Under the British, new garden suburbs were built in the western and northern parts of the city[208][209] and institutions of higher learning such as the Hebrew University were founded. Since 1967 the wall has been further exposed, and a large plaza has been cleared in front of it. The Dead Sea scrolls, discovered in the mid-20th century in the Qumran Caves near the Dead Sea, are housed in the Museum's Shrine of the Book. [368] The land occupied by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is considered one of the top candidates for Golgotha and thus has been a Christian pilgrimage site for the past 2000 years. [264], The status of the city, and especially its holy places, remains a core issue in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. [246][247], The annexation of East Jerusalem was met with international criticism. Jerusalem blessed, Jerusalem cursed: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Holy City from David's time to our own. "[240] Israel conducted a census of Arab residents in the areas annexed. [412] There were nearly 8,000 twelfth-grade students in Hebrew-language schools during the 2003–2004 school year. [329] At the end of 2005, the population density was 5,750.4/km2 (14,893/sq mi). [455][456], In basketball, Hapoel Jerusalem is one of the top teams in the top division. Within the span of a few decades, Jerusalem shifted from Byzantine to Persian rule, then back to Roman-Byzantine dominion. [156], In the 5th century, the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, ruled from the recently renamed Constantinople, maintained control of the city. Arab neighborhoods in East Jerusalem and routes between Jerusalem and locations in the West Bank are served by the East Jerusalem Central Bus Station, a transportation hub located near the Old City's Damascus Gate. The most common basic dwelling unit in the Old City consists of a complex of structures, often on different levels, built around an inner court that is entered through a narrow corridor.

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